3. Are the fruits cones developing from female lowers; cone scales usually woody, but may be leathery or fleshy; and have winged seeds on scales?
If yes, go to question 4. If no, go to question 8.
4. Leaves flat and needle-like; fruits usually woody cones that are longer than broad, most cone scales having 2 seeds; winter buds covered with scales?
5. Leaves scale-like or narrow and linear; fruits usually cones that are globe-shaped and fleshy or leathery, or at maturity woody; each cone sclae with one to six seeds; winter buds ar not covered by scales?
If yes, go to question 6. If no, go to question 8.
6. Leaves are alternate, linear, either spreading or pressed against branchlets; woody cone formed from female flower has numerous spirally arranged scales?
7. Leaves opposite one another or in threes, usually scale-like and pressed against the branchlets; small cones formed from female flowers have few scales, the scales opposite one another?